Halimeh Amirazad
1,2 
, Amir Bahrami
1 , Haleh Darbandi
1 , Mostafa Najafipour
3 , Farzad Najafipour
1* 1 Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil Azad University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare and heterogeneous endocrine disorder primarily caused by growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. A l t h o u g h c u r r e n t therapeutic approaches, including surgery, medical therapies, and recently approved drugs, have significantly improved disease management, a considerable proportion of patients continue to exhibit persistent disease activity or treatment resistance. Therefore, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies remains essential, including new drug formulations and novel agents currently under investigation. Advances in pharmacological technologies have enhanced the efficacy and safety of acromegaly treatments. Moreover, identification of genetic alterations may facilitate early diagnosis, targeted screening, and risk assessment among affected families. Recent research has highlighted the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in acromegaly, particularly in regulating genes involved in pituitary tumorigenesis and resistance to treatment, especially resistance to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands.