Samad Ghaffari
1 
, Elyar Sadeghi Hokmabadi
2 , Reza Rikhtegar
3,4 , Farhad Niafar
1 , Reza Zolfaghari
5 , Yalda Sadeghpour
6 , Neda Golmohammadi
7* 1 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Neuroradiology, Alfried-Krupp Krankenhaus Hospital, Essen, Germany
4 Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5 Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6 Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
7 Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: Carotid artery stenosis is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke in Iranian population. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a method with for treating carotid artery disease, in order to prevent stroke. Dispersion of the embolus is a significant risk for carotid angioplasty which can be prevented by using protective devices. But studies have shown that the use of these protective devices is not safe and can have side effects such as vascular spasm and dissection. Method: 36 patients who underwent unprotected carotid artery angioplasty from April 2018 to August 2019 in Shahid Madani hospital retrospectively entered this study. Hospital records were studied for data collection. Patients were followed by phone interviews. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) was defined as a composite of the occurrence of stroke, MI, bleeding, and all-cause mortality in the long term. Mean duration of our follow-up was 6 months. Results: During in-hospital course, an 82 years old woman with a history of CVA, hypertension, diabetes and a significant stenosis in her contralateral ICA, had an episode of stroke which was fatal. Also, there was a 46 years old woman without any risk factors, who had developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). 22 patients were followed. No MI, stroke, or death occurred in any of the patients. There were only 2 cases of bleeding. Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting without protection may be is a safe method of carotid revascularization. Further prospective studies and clinical trials are needed.